Background: The present study investigated the association of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH),vitamin D, and calcium levels with prostate cancer (CaP). Methods: The study population consisted of an experimental group [459 patients including 216 patients with CaP and 243 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)] and a prostatectomy group (47 pa_xFFFE_tients who underwent radical prostatectomy). Patients with serum creatinine levels >1.4 mg/dl, para_xFFFE_thyroid disease, and/or PTH levels <10 pg/ml were excluded. Patients with CaP and patients with BPH were compared, and the correlation ...